The effectiveness of Landsat data in calculating the temperature and intensity of its island in the urban scale of the state of Khartoum

Abstract

The study aimed to show the role of remote sensing technology, especially Landsat image, in calculating the temperature and its island, and showing its effectiveness between ground stations. The study followed different methodologies and methods using two data sources, remote sensing based on ETM Landsat sensors and ground monitoring stations based on Khartoum Airport, Shambat, and GIS technology was used in building a spatial and descriptive database. The study concluded that satellite image has the advantage in studying the heat island, as it is more visible in the morning, and August is the most recorded month of the negative heat island in the morning and in the day and the most effective. The study also showed that the intensity of the heat island of Landsat image reaches its peak during the winter, and it is largely compatible with the direction of the ground stations, even if they differ in their values, it is clearer around the cities due to the shorthand of values, and its decrease in the city of Bahari from Khartoum is due to the morning temperature drop, while its rise in the city of Omdurman is due to the Albedo. The study recommends working on developing research capabilities and bringing climatology out of traditional studies to instrumental and analytical modeling. Establishing a climate database through GIS technology, to study the general trend for the longest possible period and to show the local climate change of cities. Expanding the spread of green spaces as one of the strategies to mitigate the atmosphere.