Transition from Partial Syntax to Holistic Syntax in Al-Fakhr Al-Razi's Commentary 'Keys to the Unseen (Volume One)

Abstract

This article aims to reveal the foundations of overall grammar in the works of Al-Fakhr Al-Razi by describing the texts related to that system, classifying and analyzing them, and abstracting the features of that system and its overall characteristics. It can be said that Al-Razi characterized grammar with a comprehensive and inclusive nature, with depth, particularly in its connection between the self and the state, forming a tight connection. Considering that the state is a form, a descriptor, and a mode that envelops the self, it necessitates grammatical analysis. According to Al-Razi, the word is one of the existents subject to the same principles as the gemstones and conditions, individually and collectively, structurally and in association, adhering to individual and compositional laws similar to those governing gemstones and conditions. In its abstract level, it is considered an existent among partial existents; its existence is determined by contemplating existence through the examination of its principles, its primary causes, and its intrinsic suffixes that attach to it as an entire entity, from which both partial and total existents are derived. The grammatical system responds to its grammatical and semantic axes to the principles of the existent and its intrinsic suffixes. We turn from a grammatical system that examines the word and its types, such as noun, verb, and particle, based on partial knowledge, to a grammatical system that examines the word based on a comprehensive grammar that looks at the word holistically and its types: From the absolute verb, noun, particle, and the total grammatical analysis... Then, from these specifications, partial grammatical and semantic axes are derived; thus, we move from a comprehensive grammar that considers the linguistic existent based on holistic determinants to a partial grammar with partial determinants derived from the necessities, suffixes, principles, and total causes of the total existent. From this, two structures emerge: A comprehensive semantic grammatical structure in which the state represents a total law of expression requiring the noun as a complete entity of the state, not an enabler; and a partial semantic grammatical structure with two poles: A grammatical one represented by the operator, and a semantic one represented by the attribution, and these two poles are nothing but derivatives of the theory of the positive state for expression.

Keywords: Existence, Attribution, State, Noun, Verb.