Illiteracy and school dropout in Dhi Qar Governorate 2009-2020

Abstract

Education is a cornerstone of human development, as it creates essential base in the formation of the individual's personality, self-building and skills development. Education also has an impact on social and economic life, and illiteracy is one of the causes of underdevelopment that result in factors increase: the burden on the state, the length of the dependency period and the spread of underdevelopment. The high level of illiteracy in any society indicates the underdevelopment of that society, so the research dealt with the study of the spatial variability of the illiteracy phenomenon in the governorate during a different period to show the extent of change occurring in the society. The study showed a high level of illiteracy in the governorate, especially among females, due to the economic, social and political conditions in the governorate, as well as the dominance of customs and traditions that do not encourage education for females, especially in districts and sub-districts. Therefore, the research aims to analyze the educational reality in the governorate and to measure the spatial variability of the educational structure. The descriptive analytical approach has been used, using statistical and quantitative methods, in addition to cartographic representation methods. The research reached a set of conclusions, the most significant is the high levels of illiteracy, especially female illiteracy, which is considered as a dangerous indicator that requires treatment. The research recommended the necessity of paying attention to literacy centers and concentrating on the necessity of education.