Natural disasters and their effects on the Levant during the second Abbasid era (232- 656 AH / 846 – 1258 AD)

Abstract

This study aimed to know the natural disasters and their most important effects. Earthquakes are the most natural disasters that afflicted the Levant, whether they were sporadic or consecutive or in specific areas depending on the earthquake that occurred. These earthquakes affected Damascus, Homs, Hama, Nablus, Ramla, Lattakia, Beirut and Sidon, and they left their effects on the urban areas human and economic. People in the Levant have been exposed to many diseases and epidemics, and the “plague epidemic” and among the most important diseases that afflicted people are croup, mashiri and parasamosis. Climate conditions and air changes caused these diseases and epidemics to occur. The country suffers from famine and the consequent occurrence of famine, lack of food and high prices. The impact of climatic disasters extended to the occurrence of rains and torrential rains, and what they cause of drowning houses and houses, as well as the fall of snow and hail in different regions and its stay on the ground for a period of time, and the damage it causes to crops and yields and the occurrence of their interruption.