The cultural impact on the satire of cities according to Dr. Muhammad Al-Wathiq: the satire of Omdurman as a model

Abstract

This study reviews the cultural impact on the poetry of city satire for the Sudanese poet Muhammad Al-Wathiq. It follows the roots of the phenomenon of city satire in Arabic poetry, analyzes it according to Al-Wathiq view, and then takes Omdurman satire as a model for this impact. The researcher followed the social method. Because it enables the connection between the subject matter of the study and the sources of the poet's culture, and explains its impact on him, then he used the historical method. . It finds that the poet satirized many cities: Omdurman, Kassala, Kosti, Wad Madani, Toti, Halfa, in two poetry collections he made one of them (Omdurman is dying) all The Omdurman satire, and he also made halve of the poems of his second collection (The Unarmed Knight) satire in other cities, which is something no poet had preceded him, that distinguished among poets in this field, and it also finds that the poet is the best among his peers in terms of using commendable methods of satire such as: exposure and preference, but - in some of his poems - from the literature of satire that some critics said: some of his of expressions are obscene. The study also finds that the impact of the poet's culture manifested through three streams: The Arab heritage, the Holy Qur'an, and foreign culture, and each stream had its cultural imprint that left an impact that appeared in the poet's use of expressions and imaginations. The study recommends that studying the phenomenon of city satire in the modern era; which is started among some poets in this era, with the absence of appropriate studies in this field.