Detection of Drought Phenomenon and Water Deficit and Their Effect in Thi-Qar Governorate

Abstract

The study aims to detect the drought phenomenon and water deficit in Thi-Qar Governorate and the environmental impacts that would result from them as well as the strategies that can be used to limit their riskiness. This has been achieved via depending on both the descriptive and quantitative analytical methods to describe the nature and directions of the climate properties and the important factors that impacts on it as well as analyzing the statistical and climatic results and data and using the mathematical equations. Accordingly, the study has founded via analyzing the annually and monthly of the climatic parameters that the average of the temperature in an Al-Nassiriya station is about 26.2 C˚. Also, the results that are obtained via applying the equation of the water balance (P-PE), showed there is a water deficit during all the months of the year where the annual summation for the value of the water climatic balance in an Al-Nassiriya station is nearly -2236.7. Moreover, according to the results that are obtained via applying the annually and monthly drought criteria of Thornthwaite, Lang, Köppen, and Ivanov, the study has explained that the classification of the climate of Thi-Qar governorate for the period 1990-2020 is drought to very drought. Additionally, the study has showed that there are direct and indirect effects on the components of the environmental system as well as the economic and social activities.  The study has recommended some suggestions, such as the good management and efficient for the water's resources and ideal exploiting and balanced for the resources which would guarantee the keeping for the quantity and quality of the available waters. Moreover, the working on building national information system that includes an early alarm system to monitor the drought cases and collecting the information that are related with them to assess the dangerous and influences and specify the methods to adapt with the drought and then reducing its riskiness.