The Soviet-American Conflict over Afghanistan and Its Consequences in 1989

Abstract

The Soviet occupation of Afghanistan came to end the state of accord with the United States of America and the relative calm that characterized the relationship of the two countries before the aforementioned incident, and brought to the fore again the policy of hostile escalation between the two poles, which reached its climax in 1989, and the American position in support of the Afghan armed movements and factions had a profound impact on The Soviet army incurred enormous human and material losses, as well as the political and moral defeat that the Soviets suffered as a result, and Afghanistan has become described as the quagmire in which the Soviets were defeated.

The research aims to know the great role played by the United States of America in recent years that coincided with the event during the term of President George W. Bush, as the American actions had reached a peak and led to an increase in tension between the two countries and deepened the intensity of the conflict in Afghanistan and its effects.

In view of the breadth and complexity of the topic as a result of the multiplicity and diversity of the internal and external parties that drive events in the research arena, and to overcome this, the researcher chose to address the topic according to a scientific method that depends as much as possible following the chronology of events, seeking to reach objective answers that constitute the whole goal of the research. While the research relied on many and varied sources, foremost of which were published and unpublished American documents, foreign, Arabic and translated books, as well as newspapers, theses and university theses provided the research with a lot of important information that can be viewed in the list of sources.

The research reached a set of results, the most important of which are: the Soviet withdrawal from Afghanistan on February 15, 1989, and the United States of America promised that the defeat of the Soviets in Afghanistan came thanks to the American support for the Afghan fighters, and the biggest loser in this conflict would be the Afghan people.