Geospatial Analysis of the Dynamics of Rangeland Resource Degradation Using Remote Sensing Techniques and Geographic Information Systems: A Spatio-Temporal Study in East Darfur

Abstract

This study aimed to analyze the geospatial dynamics of pastoral resources in East Darfur, Sudan, using remote sensing techniques and Geographic Information Systems (GIS), given the significant importance of natural rangelands to the pastoral economy in the region. The study relied on the analysis of satellite imagery and climatic data to identify vegetation cover patterns and assess their condition, while employing vegetation indices to measure vegetation density and monitor changes over a specified period. GIS techniques were also used to produce digital maps illustrating the distribution of natural rangelands and areas of degradation. The results revealed spatial and temporal variations in vegetation cover density associated with natural rangelands, as these rangelands were affected by several factors, most notably climatic changes—especially rainfall variability—as well as human activities such as overgrazing and agricultural expansion. The study emphasized the importance of using remote sensing techniques as an effective tool for monitoring natural resources and providing accurate data that supported planning and sustainable rangeland management. It also recommended adopting strategies for sustainable rangeland management and enhancing the use of modern geospatial technologies to monitor environmental changes, thereby contributing to the protection of pastoral resources and the achievement of sustainable development in the region.