Political and Diplomatic Relations Between Chad and the Central African Republic During the Period 1990–2020: A Documentary Study

Abstract

This research examines the trajectory of political and diplomatic relations between the Republic of Chad and the Central African Republic during the period 1990–2020, highlighting major shifts, the roles of domestic, regional, and international actors, and the impact of tribal and border interlinkages on the policy positions of both states. The study adopts a historical-analytical approach supported by an examination of official documents, UN resolutions, and human rights reports, in addition to interviews and reviews of previous research. The findings indicate that Chad transitioned from the position of a “diplomatic partner” to a direct actor in the Central African Republic’s internal crises, creating a cycle of mutual distrust. The research also finds that border security remains the primary driver of bilateral relations and that the success of the 2024 bilateral agreements depends on the effectiveness of the joint force and guarantees for the return of refugees. The study proposes a set of recommendations to enhance transparency, depoliticize tribal affiliations, and activate regional mechanisms for conflict resolution.