Ancient Arabic Language in Northern Arabia: Between Inscriptions and the Significance of Standard Arabic

Abstract

This study investigates the evolving relationship between inscriptions and semantics in ancient North Arabian, focusing on a corpus of texts dating from the 1st century BCE to the 4th century CE discovered in Al-Hijr and its surrounding region. While these inscriptions are recognized as valuable artifacts, their semantic evolution and cultural implications remain understudied. Employing a combination of epigraphic analysis and semantic field theory, this study analyzes interpret shifts in key vocabulary related to social structure, religious practices, and economic activities. The findings reveal a gradual transition from a nomadic to a more settled society, reflected in the changing meanings of terms associated with kinship, trade, and deity worship. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of ancient North Arabian language and culture, shedding light on the dynamics of social change and cultural contact in the region during this pivotal period.