The historical development trajectories of relations between Chad and Egypt during the period 1020–1430 AH (1600–2010 AD)

Abstract

This study addressed the historical development of Chad–Egypt relations during the period from 1020 AH to 1430 AH (1600 CE–2010 CE), a span of more than four centuries in which these relations witnessed notable consolidation and diversification across various fields, particularly political and economic aspects, in addition to scientific and social dimensions. The roots of these relations go back to the early stages of the spread of Islam in the African continent, where they developed and flourished with the rise of Islamic kingdoms in the Central Sudan region (Chad), most notably the kingdoms of Kanem–Bornu, Baguirmi, and Wadai. The latter was distinguished by close relations with Egypt, especially in commercial and cultural spheres, through its scholarly presence at Al-Azhar University via the “Riwaq of Salih,” and the contribution of its scholars to the spread of Islam, the promotion of the Arabic language, and the reinforcement of religious awareness in their societies. With the arrival of French colonialism in Chad, colonial policies sought to separate the country from its Islamic and cultural extensions and imposed a policy of Francization, which led to a decline in Chad–Egypt relations and the disruption of official ties. Nevertheless, these connections were not completely severed, as they continued through individual relations, particularly via students of knowledge, thereby maintaining a degree of religious and scholarly communication between the two countries.