The System of Parliamentary Representation in Qatar’s Shura Council: A Comparative Study of Parliamentary Systems in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) Countries

Abstract

This study examines parliamentary representation in Qatar’s Shura Council through a comparative analysis of legislative systems in Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates. The research problem focuses on mechanisms for forming legislative councils, particularly member election and appointment, and their effects on political participation and institutional effectiveness. The study’s significance lies in examining Qatar’s 2021 constitutional and legislative amendments, which enabled citizens to elect two-thirds of Shura Council members, marking an important development in political participation and parliamentary representation. It also explores similarities and differences between Qatar and other Gulf states. The objectives are to analyze Qatar’s electoral system following the amendments, compare it with Saudi and Emirati systems, identify its strengths and weaknesses, and recommend improvements. Using a comparative analytical approach, the study examines relevant constitutional and legislative provisions. The findings indicate that Qatar’s amendments have enhanced popular participation and reveal differences among the three countries in member selection mechanisms. The study highlights the role of constitutional frameworks in shaping political participation and parliamentary representation. It recommends broadening electoral participation, improving societal representation, and gradually increasing elected membership to strengthen popular representation and enhance the Shura Council’s legislative and oversight functions in accordance with applicable legislation.