Abed, Y.A.A. and Al-Alaili, H.M.H. 2026. The Jews, Imam Ali, and Their Relationship with the Messenger: Between Ibn Hisham’s Narration and Karen Armstrong’s Reading. Ibn Khaldoun Journal for Studies and Researches. 6, 6 (Jun. 2026). DOI:https://doi.org/10.56989/benkj.v6i6.1953.